PGE are a rare and valu­able raw mate­r­i­al for many branch­es of mod­ern indus­try.

Brick and tile raw mate­ri­als — are nat­ur­al clay rocks that have wet plas­tic­i­ty and the abil­i­ty to hard­en after fir­ing.

Rare earth ele­ments are a group of met­als that give mate­ri­als unique prop­er­ties

Sand­stone is a dense sed­i­men­ta­ry rock formed from cement­ed grains of quartz and feldspar.

Mus­covite is a trans­par­ent, lay­ered mica min­er­al char­ac­ter­ized by high elas­tic­i­ty and a glassy lus­ter.

Dia­mond is the hard­est nat­ur­al min­er­al, dis­tin­guished by its extra­or­di­nary trans­paren­cy, bril­liance, and ther­mal con­duc­tiv­i­ty.

Alu­nite is a sul­fate min­er­al formed by hydrother­mal alter­ation, occur­ring as white or pink mass­es.

Pyro­phyl­lite is a soft lay­ered sil­i­cate with a scaly tex­ture.

Asbestos is used as a refrac­to­ry and ther­mal insu­la­tion mate­r­i­al.

Oil shale is very impor­tant for the ener­gy indus­try.

Ser­pen­tine is used to make refrac­to­ry mate­ri­als.

Dunite is a ful­ly crys­talline intru­sive rock rich in mag­ne­sium.

Diatomites and spon­go­lites are siliceous rocks of bio­genic ori­gin.

Quartzite is a meta­mor­phic rock that con­sists of more than 70% quartz.

Stavro­lite is used in met­al­lur­gy as a flux mate­r­i­al.

Rock salt, or halite, is one of the most com­mon min­er­als on Earth.

Apatite is one of the most impor­tant min­er­als con­tain­ing phos­pho­rus.

Argillite is a sed­i­men­ta­ry rock formed by the com­paction and cemen­ta­tion of clays.